The confusion between resume and CV is particularly common in India, where both terms are used loosely in job postings. Understanding the distinction helps you submit the right document and make the right impression. In the Indian context, there's also a third format — 'biodata' — which is mostly used for government jobs and matrimonial purposes.
A resume is a concise, targeted document (1-2 pages) designed for corporate and private sector jobs. It's customized for each application, highlights relevant experience and achievements, and uses a reverse-chronological or functional format. Think of it as a marketing document — it sells your candidacy for a specific role. Most IT companies (TCS, Infosys, Wipro), startups, MNCs, and product companies in India expect resumes.
A CV (Curriculum Vitae, meaning 'course of life' in Latin) is a comprehensive document that can be 3-10+ pages long. It includes your complete academic history, publications, research work, conferences, teaching experience, grants, and professional memberships. In India, CVs are expected for academic positions (professor, researcher), medical professionals, scientists, and some government/PSU roles. Unlike a resume, a CV is generally not customized per application — it's a complete record.
Biodata is a uniquely South Asian format that includes personal details (date of birth, marital status, father's name, nationality) along with professional information. While outdated for most corporate roles, some government jobs, defense positions, and traditional organizations in India still request biodata. When in doubt, submit a resume for private sector jobs and check the specific format requirements for government positions.